Yayin da ake kara mai da hankali kan masana'antar da ake yin gyare-gyare, mutane kuma sun fara nazarin fannonin gyare-gyare daban-daban, kuma sun cimma wasu sakamakon bincike a fannin dabaru, gudanarwa, da fasahar sake kerawa.A cikin tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare, yana da muhimmin ɓangare na tsaftace sassan don tabbatar da ingancin gyare-gyare.Hanyar tsaftacewa da ingancin tsaftacewa suna da mahimmanci don daidaiton ganewar sassa, tabbatar da ingancin gyare-gyare, rage farashin gyaran gyare-gyare, da inganta rayuwar samfurori da aka gyara.na iya samun tasiri mai mahimmanci.
1. Matsayi da mahimmancin tsaftacewa a cikin tsarin gyare-gyare
Tsaftace saman sassan samfuri shine muhimmin tsari a cikin aiwatar da sake fasalin sashi.Jigo na rarrabuwa don gano daidaiton girman, daidaiton siffar geometric, rashin ƙarfi, aikin ƙasa, lalatawar lalacewa da mannewar sashin ɓangaren shine tushen rarrabuwar don sake haɓaka sassan..Ingancin tsaftacewar yanki kai tsaye yana shafar nazarin yanki, gwaji, sarrafa kayan aiki, ingancin taro, sannan yana shafar ingancin samfuran da aka sake ƙera.
Tsaftacewa shine yin amfani da ruwa mai tsaftacewa zuwa saman kayan aikin ta hanyar kayan aikin tsaftacewa, da amfani da injiniyoyi, na zahiri, sinadarai ko hanyoyin lantarki don cire mai, lalata, laka, ma'auni, adibas na carbon da sauran datti da aka haɗe zuwa saman. kayan aiki da sassansa, da kuma sanya shi Tsarin cimma tsaftar da ake buƙata a saman kayan aikin.An tsaftace sassan da aka ƙera na kayan sharar gida bisa ga siffa, kayan aiki, nau'i, lalacewa, da dai sauransu, kuma ana amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace don tabbatar da ingancin sake amfani da su ko sake gyara sassan.Tsaftar samfur yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamun ingancin samfuran da aka sake ƙera.Rashin tsafta ba wai kawai zai shafi tsarin gyare-gyare na samfuran ba, har ma sau da yawa yana haifar da raguwar ayyukan samfuran, mai saurin lalacewa, raguwar daidaici, da taƙaita rayuwar sabis.Ingantattun samfuran.Kyakkyawan tsabta kuma na iya haɓaka amincewar mabukaci a cikin ingancin samfuran da aka sake ƙera.
Tsarin sake gyare-gyare ya haɗa da sake yin amfani da kayan sharar gida, bayyanar tsaftacewa na samfurori kafin tarwatsawa, tarwatsawa, gwajin gwaji na sassa, tsaftacewa na sassa, gano ainihin sassa bayan tsaftacewa, sake gyarawa, haɗuwa da samfurori da aka gyara, da dai sauransu.Tsaftacewa ya haɗa da sassa biyu: gaba ɗaya tsaftacewa na bayyanar kayan sharar gida da tsaftace sassa.Na farko shine don cire ƙura da sauran datti a bayyanar samfurin, kuma na ƙarshe shine don cire mai, sikeli, tsatsa, ajiyar carbon da sauran datti a saman sassan.Yaduddukan mai da iskar gas a saman, da dai sauransu, bincika lalacewa na sassan, ƙananan microcracks ko wasu gazawar don sanin ko za a iya amfani da sassan ko kuma ana buƙatar sake yin su.Gyaran gyaran gyare-gyare ya bambanta da tsaftacewa na tsarin kulawa.Babban injiniyan kulawa yana tsaftace sassan da ba su da kyau da kuma abubuwan da ke da alaka da su kafin a kula da su, yayin da gyaran gyare-gyaren yana buƙatar dukkanin sassan kayan da aka gyara don tsaftacewa gaba daya, ta yadda ingancin sassan da aka gyara zai iya kaiwa matakin sababbin samfurori.misali.Sabili da haka, ayyukan tsaftacewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyaran gyare-gyare, kuma nauyin aiki mai nauyi yana rinjayar farashin kayan da aka gyara kai tsaye, don haka yana buƙatar ba da hankali sosai.
2. Fasahar tsaftacewa da ci gabanta a sake keɓancewa
2.1 Fasahar tsaftacewa don sake yin gyare-gyare
Kamar tsarin rushewa, ba shi yiwuwa tsarin tsaftacewa ya koya kai tsaye daga tsarin masana'antu na yau da kullum, wanda ke buƙatar bincike na sababbin hanyoyin fasaha da kuma haɓaka sababbin kayan aikin tsaftacewa a cikin masana'antun da masu samar da kayan aiki.Dangane da wurin tsaftacewa, dalili, rikitarwa na kayan aiki, da dai sauransu, hanyar tsaftacewa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin tsaftacewa.Hanyoyin tsaftacewa da aka saba amfani da su sune tsabtace gas, tsaftace ruwa mai zafi ko tsaftacewar tururi, wakili mai tsaftacewa mai tsaftacewa mai tsabtaccen wanka, gogewa ko gogewar karfe, matsa lamba ko tsaftacewa na yau da kullum, sandblasting, electrolytic tsaftacewa, gas lokaci tsaftacewa, ultrasonic tsaftacewa. da Tsabtace matakai da yawa da sauran hanyoyin.
Don kammala kowane tsari na tsaftacewa, ana iya amfani da duk wani nau'i na kayan aikin tsaftacewa na musamman, ciki har da: na'ura mai tsaftacewa, na'urar feshi, injin tsabtace tsabta, injin tsaftacewa na musamman, da dai sauransu. Zaɓin kayan aiki yana buƙatar ƙayyade bisa ga tsarin. ka'idojin sake yin gyare-gyare, buƙatun, kariyar muhalli, farashi da wurin sake keɓancewa.
2.2 Haɓaka haɓakar fasahar tsaftacewa
Matakin tsaftacewa shine babban tushen gurɓata yayin sake yin gyare-gyare.Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa masu lahani da aka samar ta hanyar tsaftacewa sukan haifar da haɗari ga muhalli.Haka kuma, farashin zubar da abubuwa masu cutarwa mara lahani shima yana da ban mamaki.Sabili da haka, a cikin matakan tsaftacewa na gyare-gyare, ya zama dole don rage cutar da maganin tsaftacewa ga muhalli da kuma amfani da fasahar tsabtace kore.Masu sake yin gyare-gyare sun gudanar da bincike da yawa da kuma aikace-aikace masu yawa na sababbin fasahohin tsaftacewa da inganci, kuma tsarin tsaftacewa ya zama mafi kyawun yanayi.Yayin da ake inganta aikin tsaftacewa, rage fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, rage tasirin yanayin muhalli, ƙara yawan kariyar muhalli na tsarin tsaftacewa, da kuma ƙara ingancin sassa.
3 .Ayyukan tsaftacewa a kowane mataki na sake fasalin
Tsaftacewa a cikin aikin sake keɓancewa ya haɗa da tsaftacewa na waje na kayan sharar gida kafin tarwatsawa da tsaftace sassa bayan tarwatsewa.
3.1 Tsaftacewa kafin rarrabawa
Tsaftace kafin wargajewa galibi yana nufin tsaftacewa na waje na samfuran sharar da aka sake fa'ida kafin tarwatsawa.Babban manufarsa ita ce ta kawar da ƙura, mai, datti da sauran datti da suka taru a wajen abubuwan sharar, ta yadda za a samu sauƙaƙa wargazawa da guje wa ƙura da mai.Jira kayan da aka sace don kawo su cikin tsarin masana'anta.Tsabtace waje gabaɗaya yana amfani da ruwan famfo ko ɗibar ruwa mai ƙarfi.Don datti mai girma da kauri mai kauri, ƙara madaidaicin adadin sinadari mai tsafta a cikin ruwa kuma ƙara matsa lamba da zafin ruwa.
Kayan aikin tsaftacewa na waje da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da injunan tsabtace jet guda-bindigu da injunan tsabtace jet mai yawan bututun ƙarfe.Na farko ya dogara ne akan aikin zazzagewa na jet mai matsa lamba mai ƙarfi ko jet ɗin soda ko aikin sinadari na jet da ma'aunin tsaftacewa don cire datti.Na karshen yana da nau'i biyu, nau'in firam ɗin ƙofa mai motsi da nau'in kafaffen rami.Matsayin shigarwa da adadin nozzles sun bambanta bisa ga manufar kayan aiki.
3.2 Tsaftacewa bayan an gama
Tsaftace sassa bayan an gama gamawa ya haɗa da cire mai, tsatsa, sikeli, ajiyar carbon, fenti, da sauransu.
3.2.1 Ragewa
Duk sassan da ke hulɗa da mai daban-daban dole ne a tsaftace su da mai bayan an rabu, wato, ragewa.Ana iya raba shi gida biyu: man saponifiable, wato man da zai iya amsawa da alkali ya samar da sabulu, kamar man dabba da man kayan marmari, wato gishirin Organic acid mai girma;unsaponifiable man, wanda ba zai iya aiki da karfi alkali, kamar Various ma'adinai mai, lubricating mai, petroleum jelly da paraffin, da dai sauransu Wadannan mai ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa amma mai narkewa a Organic kaushi.Ana kawar da waɗannan mai ta hanyar sinadarai da hanyoyin lantarki.Maganin tsaftacewa da aka saba amfani da su sune: abubuwan kaushi na halitta, mafita na alkaline da hanyoyin tsaftace sinadarai.Hanyoyin tsaftacewa sun haɗa da hanyoyin hannu da na inji, ciki har da gogewa, tafasa, feshi, tsaftacewar girgiza, tsaftacewa ultrasonic, da dai sauransu.
3.2.2 Ƙaddamarwa
Bayan tsarin sanyaya kayan aikin injiniya ya yi amfani da ruwa mai wuya ko ruwa tare da ƙazanta masu yawa na dogon lokaci, an ajiye wani Layer na silicon dioxide a kan bangon ciki na mai sanyaya da bututu.Sikelin yana rage sashin giciye na bututun ruwa kuma yana rage tasirin thermal, yana da matukar tasiri tasirin sanyaya kuma yana shafar aikin al'ada na tsarin sanyaya.Don haka, dole ne a ba da cirewa yayin sake yin aikin.Scale kau hanyoyin gabaɗaya amfani da sinadaran kau da hanyoyin, ciki har da phosphate kau hanyoyin, alkaline bayani kau hanyoyin, pickling kau hanyoyin, da dai sauransu Don sikelin a saman aluminum gami sassa, 5% nitric acid bayani ko 10-15% acetic acid bayani na iya zama. amfani.Ya kamata a zaɓi ruwan tsabtace sinadarai don cire ma'auni bisa ga ma'auni da kayan sassa.
3.2.3 Cire fenti
Tsarin fenti na asali na asali a saman sassan da aka tarwatsa kuma yana buƙatar cirewa gaba ɗaya gwargwadon girman lalacewa da buƙatun murfin kariya.Kurkura da kyau bayan cirewa kuma shirya don sake fenti.Hanyar cire fenti gabaɗaya ita ce yin amfani da abubuwan da aka shirya, maganin alkaline, da sauransu azaman mai cire fenti, fara gogewa a saman fenti na ɓangaren, narke da laushi, sannan amfani da kayan aikin hannu don cire Layer fenti. .
3.2.4 Cire Tsatsa
Tsatsa ita ce oxides da aka samu ta hanyar tuntuɓar filin ƙarfe tare da oxygen, kwayoyin ruwa da abubuwan acid a cikin iska, irin su iron oxide, ferric oxide, ferric oxide, da dai sauransu, wanda yawanci ake kira tsatsa;Babban hanyoyin kawar da tsatsa su ne hanyar injina, tsinken sinadarai da etching electrochemical.Cire tsatsa na injina galibi yana amfani da gogayya ta inji, yankan da sauran ayyuka don cire tsatsa a saman sassa.Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su sune goge-goge, niƙa, goge baki, fashewar yashi da sauransu.Hanyar sinadarai galibi tana amfani da acid ne don narkar da ƙarfe da hydrogen da ake samarwa a cikin sinadarai don haɗawa da sauke layin tsatsa don narke da bawon samfuran tsatsa a saman ƙarfe.Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sun hada da hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, da dai sauransu.Hanyar etching acid na electrochemical galibi yana amfani da halayen halayen sassan da ke cikin electrolyte don cimma manufar kawar da tsatsa, gami da amfani da sassan da aka cire tsatsa a matsayin anodes da amfani da sassan da aka cire a matsayin cathodes.
3.2.5 Share adibas na carbon
Jigilar Carbon wani hadadden cakuda colloids ne, asphaltene, mai mai mai da carbon da aka samu saboda rashin cikar konewar mai da mai da mai a lokacin aikin konewa da kuma aiki na zafin jiki.Misali, yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin injin na carbon suna tarawa akan bawul, pistons, kawunan silinda, da dai sauransu. Wadannan ma'auni na carbon zasu shafi yanayin sanyaya wasu sassan injin, lalata yanayin canja wurin zafi, yana shafar konewar sa, har ma sa sassan su yi zafi sosai kuma su haifar da tsagewa.Sabili da haka, a lokacin aikin sake gyare-gyare na wannan sashi, dole ne a cire ajiyar carbon a saman da tsabta.Abubuwan da ke tattare da ajiyar carbon yana da dangantaka mai kyau tare da tsarin injin, wurin da sassa, nau'ikan man fetur da man mai mai, yanayin aiki da lokutan aiki.Hanyoyin inji da aka saba amfani da su, hanyoyin sinadarai da hanyoyin lantarki na iya share ajiyar carbon.Hanyar injina tana nufin yin amfani da gogewar waya da goge goge don cire ajiyar carbon.Hanyar yana da sauƙi, amma inganci yana da ƙasa, ba shi da sauƙi don tsaftacewa, kuma zai lalata saman.Kawar da ajiyar carbon ta hanyar amfani da matsa lamba na jirgin sama na nukiliya hanyar da za a iya inganta ingantaccen aiki.Hanyar sinadarai tana nufin nutsar da sassan a cikin caustic soda, sodium carbonate da sauran hanyoyin tsaftacewa a zazzabi na 80 ~ 95 ° C don narke ko emulsify mai da taushi da ajiyar carbon, sannan yi amfani da goga don cire ajiyar carbon da tsaftacewa. su.Hanyar electrochemical tana amfani da bayani na alkaline azaman electrolyte, kuma an haɗa aikin aikin zuwa cathode don cire adibas na carbon a ƙarƙashin aikin haɗin gwiwa na halayen sinadaran da hydrogen.Wannan hanyar tana da inganci, amma ya zama dole don sarrafa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iskar carbon.
4 Kammalawa
1) Sake tsaftacewa wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare, wanda ke tasiri kai tsaye ga ingancin kayan da aka gyara da kuma farashin gyaran gyare-gyare, kuma dole ne a ba da kulawa sosai.
2) Sake ƙera fasahar tsaftacewa za ta haɓaka a cikin hanyar tsaftacewa, kariyar muhalli da inganci mai kyau, kuma hanyar tsaftacewa na kaushi na sinadarai za ta haɓaka sannu a hankali a cikin hanyar tsabtace injin da ke tushen ruwa don rage gurɓataccen muhalli a cikin tsari.
3) Ana iya raba tsaftacewa a cikin tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare zuwa tsaftacewa kafin tarwatsawa da tsaftacewa bayan rushewa, na karshen ciki har da tsaftacewar mai, tsatsa, sikelin, ajiyar carbon, fenti, da dai sauransu.
Zaɓin hanyar tsaftacewa mai kyau da kayan aikin tsaftacewa na iya samun sakamako sau biyu tare da rabin ƙoƙari, da kuma samar da tushe mai tushe don ci gaban masana'antu na sake fasalin.A matsayin ƙwararrun masana'anta na kayan aikin tsaftacewa, Tense na iya samar da ƙwararrun hanyoyin tsaftacewa da ayyuka.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-09-2023