Sezvo chirimwa chekugadzira patsva chave chichibhadharwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutariswa, vanhu vatangawo kuongorora akasiyana siyana ekugadzira patsva, uye vakawana mimwe mibairo yekutsvagisa mune Logistics, manejimendi, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira patsva.Muchigadziriso chekugadzirisa, chikamu chakakosha chekuchenesa zvikamu kuti zvive nechokwadi chekugadzirisa.Iyo nzira yekuchenesa uye yekuchenesa mhando yakakosha pakurongeka kwekuzivikanwa kwezvikamu, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzira patsva mhando, kudzikisa mari yekugadzira patsva, nekuvandudza hupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa.inogona kuita zvakakosha.
1. Nzvimbo uye kukosha kwekuchenesa mukugadzirisa zvakare
Kuchenesa pamusoro pezvikamu zvechigadzirwa inzira yakakosha mukuita kwechikamu chekugadzirazve.Mamiriro ekuparadzanisa anoona kurongeka kwedimensional, geometric shape kurongeka, roughness, surface performance, corrosion wear and adhesion of the part surface ndiyo hwaro hwekuti kupatsanurwa kugadzirise zvikamu..Hunhu hwechikamu chekuchenesa chepamusoro hunokanganisa zvakananga chikamu chepamusoro chekuongorora, kuyedza, kugadzirazve kugadzirisa, kunaka kwegungano, uye zvino kukanganisa kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa.
Kuchenesa kuisa mvura yekuchenesa pamusoro pechishandiso nenzira yekuchenesa midziyo, uye kushandisa michina, yemuviri, makemikari kana electrochemical nzira kubvisa girisi, ngura, madhaka, chiyero, kabhoni deposits uye imwe tsvina yakanamirwa pamusoro peiyo. midziyo uye zvikamu zvayo, uye uzviite Nzira yekuwana kuchena kunodiwa pamusoro pebasa rekushanda.Izvo zvikamu zvakapatsanurwa zvezvigadzirwa zvemarara zvinocheneswa zvinoenderana nechimiro, zvinhu, chikamu, kukuvara, nezvimwe, uye nzira dzinoenderana dzinoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekushandisazve kana kugadzirazve zvikamu.Kuchena kwechigadzirwa ndeimwe yemhando huru yezviratidzo zvezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa.Hutsanana husina kunaka haungokanganise maitiro ekugadzirazve zvigadzirwa, asi zvakare kazhinji kukonzeresa kuita kwezvigadzirwa kudzikire, kuda kupfeka zvakanyanya, kudzikira kwechokwadi, uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwesevhisi.Unhu hwezvigadzirwa.Hutsanana hwakanaka hunogonawo kuvandudza kuvimba kwevatengi mumhando yezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa.
Iyo nzira yekugadzira patsva inosanganisira kudzokorodza kwezvakagadzirwa tsvina, kutaridzika kucheneswa kwezvinhu zvisati zvabviswa, kubviswa, kuongororwa kwakakasharara kwezvikamu, kucheneswa kwezvikamu, kunyatsoonekwa kwezvikamu mushure mekucheneswa, kugadzira patsva, kusangana kwezvakagadzirwazve, nezvimwe.Kuchenesa kunosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: kucheneswa kwese kwekuonekwa kwemarara uye kucheneswa kwezvikamu.Iyo yekutanga inonyanya kubvisa guruva uye imwe tsvina pakuonekwa kwechigadzirwa, uye iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kubvisa mafuta, chiyero, ngura, carbon deposits uye imwe tsvina pamusoro pezvikamu.Oiri uye gasi akaturikidzana pamusoro, nezvimwewo, tarisa kupfeka kwezvikamu, macrocracks epamusoro kana kumwe kutadza kuona kuti zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa here kana kuti zvinoda kugadzirwazve.Kucheneswa kwekugadzirisa kwakasiyana nekucheneswa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa.Injiniya huru yekugadzirisa inochenesa zvikamu zvisina kunaka uye zvikamu zvine hukama zvisati zvagadziriswa, nepo kugadzirazve kunoda kuti zvese zvigadzirwa zvemarara zvicheneswe zvachose, kuitira kuti mhando yezvikamu zvakagadziridzwa zvisvike padanho rezvigadzirwa zvitsva.standard.Naizvozvo, mabasa ekuchenesa anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa, uye basa rinorema rinokanganisa zvakananga mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa, saka inoda kupihwa kutarisisa kukuru.
2. Kuchenesa tekinoroji uye kukura kwayo mukugadzirazve
2.1 Tekinoroji yekuchenesa yekugadzira patsva
Kufanana nemaitiro ekubvisa, hazvigoneke kuti nzira yekuchenesa idzidze zvakananga kubva kune yakajairwa kugadzira maitiro, izvo zvinoda kutsvagirwa kwehunyanzvi nzira dzehunyanzvi uye kugadzirwa kwemichina mitsva yekuchenesa yekuchenesa muvagadziri uye vatengesi vezvekugadzira michina.Maererano nenzvimbo yekuchenesa, chinangwa, kuoma kwezvinhu, nezvimwewo, nzira yekuchenesa inoshandiswa mukuchenesa.Nzira dzekuchenesa dzinowanzo shandiswa kuchenesa peturu, kuchenesa mvura inopisa kupfapfaidza kana kuchenesa kuchenesa, kemikari yekuchenesa makemikari kugeza kugeza, kukwesha kana simbi bhurashi kukwesha, kudzvanya kana kujaira kupfapfaidza kuchenesa, sandblasting, electrolytic kuchenesa, gasi chikamu chekuchenesa, ultrasonic kuchenesa. uye Multi-step kuchenesa uye dzimwe nzira.
Kuti upedze kuchenesa kwega kwega, seti yese yeyakasiyana yakakosha yekuchenesa michina inogona kushandiswa, inosanganisira: yekupfapfaidza yekuchenesa muchina, pfuti yekupfapfaidza, yakazara yekuchenesa muchina, yakakosha yekuchenesa muchina, nezvimwe. iyo yekugadziridza zviyero, zvinodiwa, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, mutengo uye remanufacturing saiti.
2.2 Kuvandudza maitiro ekuchenesa tekinoroji
Nhanho yekuchenesa ndiyo sosi huru yekusvibiswa panguva yekugadzirazve.Uyezve, zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinogadzirwa nemaitiro ekuchenesa zvinowanzoisa mungozi nharaunda.Uyezve, mari yekurasa zvisina ngozi yezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakare zvinoshamisa.Naizvozvo, mune remanufacturing yekuchenesa nhanho, zvinodikanwa kudzikisira kukuvadza kwemhinduro yekuchenesa kunharaunda uye kutora tekinoroji yekuchenesa yakasvibirira.Vagadziri vakaita tsvakiridzo yakawanda uye nekushandisa kwakawanda kwehunyanzvi uye hunoshanda hwekuchenesa matekinoroji, uye maitiro ekuchenesa awedzera uye anowedzera hushamwari.Ndichiri kuvandudza kushanda kwekuchenesa, kuderedza kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwenharaunda, kuwedzera kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaitiro ekuchenesa, uye kuwedzera kunaka kwezvikamu.
3 .Kuchenesa zviitwa padanho rega rega rekugadzira patsva
Kuchenesa mukugadzira patsva kunonyanya kusanganisira kucheneswa kwekunze kwetsvina isati yabviswa uye kucheneswa kwezvikamu mushure mekubvarura.
3.1 Kuchenesa tisati tadimburwa
Kucheneswa kusati kwabviswa kunonyanya kureva kucheneswa kwekunze kwetsvina yakadzokororwa isati yabviswa.Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekubvisa huwandu hweguruva, mafuta, sediment uye imwe tsvina yakaunganidzirwa kunze kwemarara, kuitira kuti iite kufambisa uye kudzivirira guruva nemafuta.Mirira kuti zvinhu zvakabiwa zviunzwe mukugadzira fekitari.Kucheneswa kwekunze kunowanzo shandisa mvura yemupombi kana kuti high-pressure water flushing.Kune yakakwira-density uye gobvu-layer tsvina, wedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwemakemikari yekuchenesa agent kumvura uye wedzera kupfapfaidza kupfapfaidza uye tembiricha yemvura.
Inowanzo shandiswa yekunze yekuchenesa michina inosanganisira imwechete-pfuti jet yekuchenesa michina uye yakawanda-nozzle jet yekuchenesa michina.Iyo yekutanga inonyanya kutsamira pakuita scouring ye-high-pressure contact jet kana soda jet kana kemikari chiito chejeti uye mumiririri wekuchenesa kubvisa tsvina.Iyo yekupedzisira ine mhando mbiri, yegonhi furemu inofambiswa mhando uye mugero wakagadziriswa mhando.Nzvimbo yekuisa uye huwandu hwemanozzles hunosiyana zvichienderana nechinangwa chemidziyo.
3.2 Kuchenesa mushure mekubvisa
Kucheneswa kwezvikamu mushure mekuparara kunonyanya kusanganisira kubvisa mafuta, ngura, chiyero, kabhoni deposits, pendi, nezvimwe.
3.2.1 Kubvisa mafuta
Zvose zvikamu zvinosangana nemafuta akasiyana-siyana zvinofanira kucheneswa nemafuta mushure mekuputika, ndiko kuti, kubvisa.Inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri: saponifiable mafuta, ndiko kuti, mafuta anogona kuita nealkali kuumba sipo, semafuta emhuka nemafuta emuriwo, ndiko kuti, high molecular organic acid salt;unsaponifiable mafuta, iyo isingagoni kuita nealkali yakasimba, yakadai seVarious mineral oils, lubricating oils, petroleum jelly neparafini, etc. Mafuta aya haagadziriswi mumvura asi anonyunguduka mumagetsi emagetsi.Kubviswa kwemafuta aya kunonyanya kuitwa nemakemikari uye electrochemical nzira.Inowanzo shandiswa kuchenesa mhinduro ndeiyi: organic solvents, alkaline mhinduro uye makemikari ekuchenesa mhinduro.Nzira dzekuchenesa dzinosanganisira nzira dzemanyorero uye dzemuchina, dzinosanganisira kukwesha, kufashaira, kupfapfaidza, kuchenesa vibration, ultrasonic kuchenesa, nezvimwe.
3.2.2 Kudzika
Mushure mekunge iyo inotonhorera yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi yashandisa mvura yakaoma kana mvura ine tsvina yakawanda kwenguva yakareba, chidimbu chesilicon dioxide chinoiswa pamadziro emukati echando uye pombi.Scale inoderedza muchinjiko-chikamu chepombi yemvura uye inoderedza kupisa kwemhepo, ichikanganisa zvakanyanya kutonhora uye kukanganisa kushanda kwakajairwa kweinotonhora system.Nokudaro, kubvisa kunofanira kupiwa panguva yekugadzirazve.Nzira dzekubvisa zvikero dzinowanzoshandisa nzira dzekubvisa makemikari, dzinosanganisira nzira dzekubvisa phosphate, nzira dzekubvisa alkaline mhinduro, nzira dzekubvisa pickling, etc. Pachiyero pamusoro pezvikamu zvealuminium alloy, 5% nitric acid solution kana 10-15% acetic acid solution inogona kushandiswa.Kemikari yekuchenesa mvura yekubvisa chiyero inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nechiyero chezvikamu uye zvikamu zvezvinhu.
3.2.3 Kubvisa pendi
Iyo yepakutanga yekudzivirira yepende yepende pamusoro pezvikamu zvakaparadzaniswa zvinodawo kubviswa zvachose maererano nehuwandu hwekukuvadza uye zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kwekudzivirira.Shamba zvakanaka mushure mekubviswa uye gadzirira kupendazve.Nzira yekubvisa pendi inowanzo shandisa yakagadziriswa organic solvent, alkaline solution, etc. sechibvisa pendi, tanga bhurashi papendi yechikamu, nyungudusa nekuipfavisa, wozoshandisa maturusi emaoko kubvisa pendi. .
3.2.4 Kubvisa ngura
Ngura ndiyo oxides inoumbwa nekusangana kwesimbi pamusoro neokisijeni, mamorekuru emvura uye asidhi zvinhu zviri mumhepo, senge iron oxide, ferric oxide, ferric oxide, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinowanzonzi ngura;nzira huru dzekubvisa ngura ndeye mechanical nzira, makemikari pickling uye electrochemical etching.Mechanical rust kubvisa inonyanya kushandisa mechanical friction, kucheka uye zvimwe zviito kubvisa ngura layer pamusoro pezvikamu.Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzinoti kukwesha, kukuya, kukwenenzvera, kupfumbura jecha zvichingodaro.Iyo kemikari nzira inonyanya kushandisa asidhi yekunyungudutsa simbi nehaidhirojeni inogadzirwa mumakemikari kuita kuti ibatane uye kuburitsa ngura layer kuti inyunguduke nekubvisa ngura zvigadzirwa pamusoro pesimbi.Asidhi inowanzoshandiswa inosanganisira hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nezvimwewo.Iyo electrochemical acid etching nzira inonyanya kushandisa kemikari kuita kwezvikamu mu electrolyte kuzadzisa chinangwa chekubvisa ngura, kusanganisira kushandisa zvidimbu zvinobviswa ngura seanode uye kushandisa zvidimbu zvinobviswa ngura semakathodhi.
3.2.5 Kuchenesa carbon deposits
Carbon deposition musanganiswa wakaoma wecolloids, asphaltenes, mafuta ekuzora uye makabhoni akaumbwa nekuda kwekupisa kusingakwane kwehuturu nemafuta ekuzora panguva yekupisa uye pasi pekuita kwekupisa kwakanyanya.Semuyenzaniso, zhinji kabhoni deposits muinjini inounganidzwa pamusoro mavharuvhu, pistons, humburumbira misoro, etc. Iyi kabhoni deposits achakanganisa kutonhora mhedzisiro yezvimwe zvikamu injini, kushatisa kupisa kupisa mamiriro, kukanganisa kupisa kwayo, uye kunyange kukonzera kuti zvikamu zviwedzere uye zvigadzire kutsemuka.Naizvozvo, panguva yekugadzira patsva kwechikamu ichi, iyo kabhoni dhipoziti pamusoro inofanira kubviswa zvakachena.Kuumbwa kwekabhoni deposits kune hukama hukuru nechimiro cheinjini, nzvimbo yezvikamu, marudzi emafuta uye mafuta ekuzora, mamiriro ekushanda uye maawa ekushanda.Iyo inowanzoshandiswa michina nzira, nzira dzemakemikari uye electrolytic nzira dzinogona kubvisa kabhoni deposits.Iyo mechanical method inoreva kushandiswa kwetambo mabhurashi uye scrapers kubvisa carbon deposits.Nzira yacho iri nyore, asi kushanda kwakaderera, hazvisi nyore kuchenesa, uye ichakuvadza pamusoro.Kubviswa kwekabhoni deposits uchishandisa compressed air jet nuclear chip nzira inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda.Iyo kemikari nzira inoreva kunyudza zvikamu mu caustic soda, sodium carbonate uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvekuchenesa pane tembiricha ye80 ~ 95 ° C kunyungudutsa kana emulsify mafuta uye kupfavisa kabhoni deposits, zvino shandisa brashi kubvisa kabhoni deposits uye kuchenesa. ivo.Nzira ye electrochemical inoshandisa alkaline solution se electrolyte, uye workpiece yakabatanidzwa kune cathode kubvisa carbon deposits pasi pekubatana kwekubvisa chiito chemakemikari reaction uye hydrogen.Iyi nzira inoshanda, asi zvinodikanwa kuti ugone hunyanzvi hwekabhoni deposition.
4 Mhedziso
1) Kugadzira patsva kuchenesa chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro ekugadzirisa, ayo anokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa uye mutengo wekugadzira patsva, uye inofanirwa kupihwa kutariswa kwakakwana.
2) Kugadziridza tekinoroji yekuchenesa tekinoroji ichavandudza munzira yekuchenesa, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugona kwakanyanya, uye nzira yekuchenesa yemakemikari zvinonyungudutsa inozokura zvishoma nezvishoma munzira yemvura-based mechanical yekuchenesa kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza mukuita.
3) Kuchenesa mukugadzirisazve maitiro kunogona kukamurwa kuita kuchenesa kusati kwabviswa uye kuchenesa mushure mekubviswa, iyo yekupedzisira inosanganisira kuchenesa oiri, ngura, chiyero, kabhoni deposits, pendi, nezvimwe.
Kusarudza nzira yekuchenesa nzira uye michina yekuchenesa inogona kuwana zvakapetwa kaviri mhedzisiro nehafu yekuedza, uye inopawo hwaro hwakasimba hwekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzirazve.Senyanzvi yekugadzira michina yekuchenesa, Tense inogona kupa nyanzvi yekuchenesa mhinduro nemasevhisi.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-09-2023