Ha setsi sa tlhahiso e ncha se ntse se lebisitsoe tlhokomelo e eketsehileng, batho le bona ba se ba qalile ho hlahloba likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tlhahiso-pele, 'me ba fihletse liphello tse itseng tsa lipatlisiso mabapi le thepa, tsamaiso le theknoloji ea ho hlahisa bocha.Ts'ebetsong ea ho nchafatsa, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho hloekisa likarolo ho netefatsa boleng ba tlhahiso e ncha.Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa le boleng ba ho hloekisa ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nepahala ha boitsebiso ba likarolo, ho netefatsa boleng ba ho nchafatsa, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho lokisa, le ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba lihlahisoa tse entsoeng bocha.e ka ba le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa.
1. Boemo le bohlokoa ba ho hloekisa ts'ebetsong ea ho tsosolosa
Ho hloekisa bokaholimo ba likarolo tsa sehlahisoa ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho nchafatsa karolo.Sepheo sa karohano ea ho lemoha ho nepahala ha sebopeho, ho nepahala ha sebopeho sa geometri, ho ba thata, ho sebetsa ka holim'a metsi, ho roala ha kutu le ho khomarela karolo ea bokaholimo ke motheo oa hore karohano e tsosolose likarolo..Boleng ba ho hloekisa bokaholimo bo ama ka kotloloho tlhahlobo ea bokaholimo, tlhahlobo, ts'ebetso ea ho nchafatsa, boleng ba kopano, ebe e ama boleng ba lihlahisoa tse nchafalitsoeng.
Ho hloekisa ke ho sebelisa mokelikeli o hloekisang holim'a sebaka sa mosebetsi ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, le ho sebelisa mekhoa ea mochini, ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale kapa ea electrochemical ho tlosa mafura, kutu, seretse, sekhahla, li-deposit tsa carbon le litšila tse ling tse holim'a metsi. thepa le likarolo tsa eona, le ho e etsa Mokhoa oa ho finyella bohloeki bo hlokahalang ka holim'a sebaka sa mosebetsi.Likarolo tse arohaneng tsa lihlahisoa tsa litšila li hloekisoa ho latela sebōpeho, thepa, sehlopha, tšenyo, joalo-joalo, 'me mekhoa e lumellanang e sebelisoa ho netefatsa boleng ba ho sebelisoa hape kapa ho tsosolosoa ha likarolo.Bohloeki ba sehlahisoa ke e 'ngoe ea matšoao a mantlha a boleng ba lihlahisoa tse tsosolositsoeng.Bohloeki bo bobe bo ke ke ba ama feela mokhoa oa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa, empa hape hangata bo etsa hore ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa e fokotsehe, e atisa ho senyeha haholo, e fokotsehe ka ho nepahala, le ho khutsufatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso.Boleng ba lihlahisoa.Bohloeki bo botle bo ka boela ba ntlafatsa kholiseho ea bareki boleng ba lihlahisoa tse entsoeng bocha.
Ts'ebetso ea ho nchafatsa e kenyelletsa ho sebelisoa bocha ha lihlahisoa tsa litšila, ho hloekisa ponahalo ea lihlahisoa pele li qhaqha, ho qhaqha, ho lekoa ka thata likarolo, ho hloekisa likarolo, ho lemoha ka nepo likarolo ka mor'a ho hloekisa, ho hlahisa lihlahisoa, ho kopanya lihlahisoa tse entsoeng bocha, joalo-joalo.Ho hloekisa ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse peli: ho hloekisa ka kakaretso ponahalo ea lihlahisoa tsa litšila le ho hloekisa likarolo.Ea pele ke haholo-holo ho tlosa lerōle le litšila tse ling ponahalong ea sehlahisoa, 'me ea ho qetela ke haholo-holo ho tlosa oli, sekala, mafome, carbon deposits le litšila tse ling holim'a likarolo.Likarolo tsa oli le khase holim'a metsi, joalo-joalo, hlahloba ho roala ha likarolo, li-microcracks kapa liphoso tse ling ho fumana hore na likarolo li ka sebelisoa kapa li hloka ho nchafatsoa.Tlhoekiso ea ho hlakisa e fapane le ho hloekisa ts'ebetso ea tlhokomelo.Moenjiniere ea ka sehloohong oa tlhokomelo o hloekisa likarolo tse fosahetseng le likarolo tse amanang le tsona pele ho tlhokomelo, ha ho tsosolosoa ho hloka hore likarolo tsohle tsa lihlahisoa tsa litšila li hloekisoe ka ho feletseng, e le hore boleng ba likarolo tse entsoeng bocha bo ka fihla boemong ba lihlahisoa tse ncha.maemo.Ka hona, mesebetsi ea ho hloekisa e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho tsosolosa, 'me mosebetsi o boima o ama ka ho toba litšenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tse tsosolositsoeng, kahoo ho hlokahala hore ho fanoe ka tlhokomelo e kholo.
2. Theknoloji ea ho hloekisa le nts'etsopele ea eona ho tsosolosoa
2.1 Theknoloji ea ho hloekisa bakeng sa ho e etsa hape
Joalo ka ts'ebetso ea ho qhaqha, ho ke ke ha khoneha hore mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o ka ithuta ka ho toba ho tsoa ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso, e hlokang lipatlisiso tsa mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa ho hloekisa ho bahlahisi le bafani ba thepa e ncha.Ho ea ka sebaka sa ho hloekisa, morero, ho rarahana ha thepa, joalo-joalo, mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o sebelisoang ho hloekisa.Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa e atisang ho sebelisoa ke ho hloekisa peterole, ho hloekisa metsi a chesang kapa ho hloekisa mouoane, sesebelisoa sa ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale, ho hlatsoa kapa ho hlatsoa borashe ba tšepe, khatello e phahameng kapa khatello e tloaelehileng ea khatello ea khatello, sandblasting, electrolytic clean, ho hloekisa karolo ea khase, ho hloekisa ka ultrasonic. le Mekhoa e mengata ea ho hloekisa le mekhoa e meng.
E le ho phethela ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ho hloekisa, ho ka sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa, ho kenyelletsa: mochini oa ho hloekisa ka ho fafatsa, mochini oa sethunya sa spray, mochini o hloekisang ka botlalo, mochini o khethehileng oa ho hloekisa, joalo-joalo. maemo a hlabollo, ditlhoko, tshireletso ya tikoloho, ditjeho le sebaka sa ho hlabolla hape.
2.2 Mokhoa oa ntlafatso oa theknoloji ea ho hloekisa
Mohato oa ho hloekisa ke mohloli o moholo oa tšilafalo nakong ea ho etsoa bocha.Ho feta moo, lintho tse kotsi tse hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa ho hloekisa hangata li beha tikoloho kotsing.Ho feta moo, litšenyehelo tsa ho lahla lintho tse kotsi ho se kotsi le tsona li phahame ka mokhoa o makatsang.Ka hona, mohatong oa ho hloekisa ho tsosolosa, hoa hlokahala ho fokotsa kotsi ea tharollo ea ho hloekisa tikolohong le ho sebelisa theknoloji ea ho hloekisa e tala.Bahlahisi ba entse lipatlisiso tse ngata le ts'ebeliso e batsi ea mahlale a macha le a sebetsang haholoanyane a ho hloekisa, mme ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa e se e le botsoalle haholoanyane tikolohong.Ha o ntse o ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa, fokotsa ho ntšoa ha lintho tse kotsi, fokotsa tšusumetso tikolohong ea tikoloho, eketsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa, le ho eketsa boleng ba likarolo.
3 .Mesebetsi ea ho hloekisa mothating o mong le o mong oa tlhahiso e ncha
Ho hloekisa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso-pele ho kenyelletsa ho hloekisa kantle ho lihlahisoa tsa litšila pele ho qhaqha le ho hloekisa likarolo ka mor'a ho qhaqha.
3.1 Ho hloekisa pele ho qhaqha
Ho hloekisoa pele ho qhaqha haholo-holo ho bolela ho hloekisoa ka ntle ho lihlahisoa tsa litšila tse sebelisoang hape pele li qhaqha.Sepheo sa eona se seholo ke ho tlosa lerōle le leholo, oli, sediment le litšila tse ling tse bokelletsoeng ka ntle ho lihlahisoa tsa litšila, e le ho nolofalletsa ho qhaqha le ho qoba lerōle le oli.Emela hore thepa e utsoitsoeng e tlisoe tšebetsong ea feme.Ho hloekisa ka ntle hangata ho sebelisoa metsi a pompo kapa ho hlatsoa metsi a nang le khatello e phahameng.Bakeng sa litšila tse ngata haholo le tse teteaneng, eketsa tekanyo e loketseng ea ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale metsing 'me u eketse khatello ea sefafatsi le mocheso oa metsi.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa tsa kantle tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa metjhini e hloekisang ea jete e nang le sethunya se le seng le metjhini e mengata ea ho hloekisa ea jete ea nozzle.Ea pele haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka ketso ea ho hloeka ea jete ea ho kopana le khatello e phahameng kapa jete ea soda kapa ketso ea lik'hemik'hale ea jete le sesebelisoa sa ho hloekisa ho tlosa litšila.Ea ho qetela e na le mefuta e 'meli, mofuta oa foreimi ea monyako le mofuta o tsitsitseng oa kotopo.Boemo ba ho kenya le bongata ba li-nozzles bo fapana ho ea ka morero oa thepa.
3.2 Ho hloekisa ka mor'a ho qhaqhoa
Ho hloekisoa ha likarolo ka mor'a ho qhaqhoa ho kenyelletsa haholo-holo ho tlosa oli, mafome, sekala, carbon deposits, pente, joalo-joalo.
3.2.1 Ho fokotsa mafura
Likarolo tsohle tse amanang le oli e fapaneng li tlameha ho hloekisoa ka oli ka mor'a ho qhaqhoa, ke hore, ho theola.E ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse peli: oli ea saponifiable, ke hore, oli e ka itšoarang ka alkali ho etsa sesepa, joalo ka oli ea liphoofolo le oli ea meroho, ke hore, letsoai le phahameng la molek'hule ea organic acid;oli unsaponifiable, e ke keng ea sebetsa le alkali e matla, tse kang Various diminerale oli, lubricating oli, petroleum jelly le parafine, joalo-joalo Oli tsena ke insoluble ka metsing empa qhibiliha ka solvents manyolo.Ho tlosoa ha oli ena ho etsoa haholo-holo ka mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale le tsa electrochemical.Litharollo tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ho hloekisa ke: li-solvents tsa organic, litharollo tsa alkaline le tharollo ea ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale.Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa e kenyelletsa mekhoa ea matsoho le ea mechini, ho kenyelletsa ho hohla, ho belisa, ho fafatsa, ho hloekisa ka vibrate, ho hloekisa ka ultrasonic, joalo-joalo.
3.2.2 Ho fokotseha
Ka mor'a hore tsamaiso ea pholileng ea lihlahisoa tsa mechine e sebelise metsi a thata kapa metsi a nang le litšila tse ngata ka nako e telele, lera la silicon dioxide le kenngoa leboteng le ka hare la pholileng le phala.Sekhahla se fokotsa karolo ea sefapano sa pipe ea metsi 'me se fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso, se ama ka ho teba phello ea pholileng le ho ama ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea tsamaiso ea pholileng.Ka hona, ho tlosoa ho tlameha ho fanoa nakong ea ho tsosolosoa.Mekhoa ea ho tlosa likhahla ka kakaretso e sebelisa mekhoa ea ho tlosa lik'hemik'hale, ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ho tlosa phosphate, mekhoa ea ho tlosa tharollo ea alkaline, mekhoa ea ho tlosa li-pickling, joalo-joalo. sebedisoa.Mokelikeli oa ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa ho tlosa sekala o lokela ho khethoa ho ea ka likarolo tsa sekala le lisebelisoa tsa likarolo.
3.2.3 Ho tlosa pente
Lera la pente la pele le sireletsang holim'a likarolo tse qhaqhoang le lona le hloka ho tlosoa ka ho feletseng ho ea ka tekanyo ea tšenyo le litlhoko tsa tšireletso ea tšireletso.Hlatsoa hantle ka mor'a ho tlosoa 'me u itokisetse ho penta hape.Mokhoa oa ho tlosa pente ka kakaretso ke ho sebelisa motsoako o lokiselitsoeng oa manyolo, tharollo ea alkaline, joalo-joalo e le ho tlosa pente, borashe ba pele holim'a pente ea karolo, e qhibilihe le ho e nolofatsa, ebe o sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa letsoho ho tlosa lera la pente. .
3.2.4 Ho tlosa mafome
Rust ke li-oxide tse entsoeng ke ho kopana ha tšepe e nang le oksijene, limolek'hule tsa metsi le lintho tse nang le asiti moeeng, tse kang iron oxide, ferric oxide, ferric oxide, joalo-joalo, tseo hangata li bitsoang mafome;mekhoa e ka sehloohong ea ho tlosa mafome ke mokhoa oa mechine, pickling ea lik'hemik'hale le electrochemical etching.Ho tlosa mafome ka mechine haholo-holo ho sebelisa likhohlano tsa mechine, ho itšeha le liketso tse ling ho tlosa lera la mafome holim'a likarolo.Mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata ke ho hlatsoa, ho sila, ho bentša, ho senya lehlabathe joalo-joalo.Mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale haholo-holo o sebelisa asiti ho qhaqha tšepe le haedrojene e hlahisoang karabelong ea lik'hemik'hale ho hokahanya le ho laolla lera la mafome ho qhibiliha le ho ebola lihlahisoa tsa mafome holim'a tšepe.Li-acids tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo li kenyelletsa hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, joalo-joalo.Mokhoa oa electrochemical acid etching haholo-holo o sebelisa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ea likarolo tsa electrolyte ho fihlela sepheo sa ho tlosa mafome, ho kenyelletsa le ho sebelisa likarolo tse tlositsoeng ke mafome joalo ka anode le ho sebelisa likarolo tse tlositsoeng mafome joalo ka cathodes.
3.2.5 Ho hloekisa li-deposit tsa carbon
Carbon deposition ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa li-colloids, asphaltenes, oli e tlotsang le likhabone tse entsoeng ka lebaka la ho chesa ho sa phetheheng ha mafura le oli e tlotsang nakong ea ho tuka le tlas'a ketso ea mocheso o phahameng.Ka mohlala, boholo ba li-deposit tsa carbon ka enjene li bokelloa holim'a li-valve, li-piston, lihlooho tsa li-cylinder, joalo-joalo. Li-deposit tsena tsa carbon li tla ama phello ea pholileng ea likarolo tse itseng tsa enjene, ho senya maemo a ho fetisa mocheso, ho ama mollo oa eona, 'me esita le ho etsa hore dikarolo di futhumale ho feta tekano le ho etsa mapatso.Ka hona, nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tsosolosa karolo ena, deposit ea carbon e holim'a metsi e tlameha ho tlosoa ka mokhoa o hloekileng.Sebopeho sa li-deposit tsa carbon se na le kamano e kholo le sebopeho sa enjene, sebaka sa likarolo, mefuta ea mafura le oli e tlotsang, maemo a ho sebetsa le lihora tsa ho sebetsa.Mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata, mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale le mekhoa ea electrolytic e ka hlakola li-deposit tsa carbon.Mokhoa oa mochini o bua ka tšebeliso ea borashe ba terata le li-scrapers ho tlosa li-deposit tsa carbon.Mokhoa ona o bonolo, empa katleho e tlaase, ha ho bonolo ho e hloekisa, 'me e tla senya bokaholimo.Ho tlosoa ha li-deposit tsa carbon ka ho sebelisa mokhoa o hatelitsoeng oa sefofane sa nyutlelie sa jete ea moea ho ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso haholo.Mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale o bolela ho qoelisa likarolo tsa caustic soda, sodium carbonate le litharollo tse ling tsa ho hloekisa mocheso oa 80 ~ 95 ° C ho qhaqha kapa ho hlahisa oli le ho nolofatsa li-deposit tsa carbon, ebe u sebelisa borashe ho tlosa li-deposit tsa carbon le ho hloekisa. bona.Mokhoa oa electrochemical o sebelisa tharollo ea alkaline e le electrolyte, 'me workpiece e hokahane le cathode ho tlosa li-deposit tsa carbon tlas'a ketso e kopanetsoeng ea ho tlosoa ha lik'hemik'hale le hydrogen.Mokhoa ona o sebetsa hantle, empa hoa hlokahala ho tseba hantle litlhaloso tsa ho beoa ha carbon.
4 Qetello
1) Ho hloekisoa ho hloekisa ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea ho nchafatsa, e amang ka kotloloho boleng ba lihlahisoa tse nchafalitsoeng le litšenyehelo tsa ho nchafatsa, 'me e tlameha ho fuoa tlhokomelo e lekaneng.
2) Theknoloji ea ho hloekisa e tla ntlafatsoa ka tsela ea ho hloekisa, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ts'ebetso e phahameng, 'me mokhoa oa ho hloekisa oa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale o tla tsoela pele butle-butle ka tataiso ea ho hloekisa mechine e thehiloeng metsing ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho ts'ebetsong.
3) Ho hloekisa ts'ebetsong ea ho tsosolosa ho ka aroloa ka ho hloekisa pele ho qhaqha le ho hloekisa ka mor'a ho qhaqha, ho kenyelletsa ho hloekisa oli, mafome, sekhahla, li-deposit tsa carbon, pente, joalo-joalo.
Ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho hloekisa le lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa ho ka finyella habeli sephetho ka halofo ea boiteko, hape ho fana ka motheo o tsitsitseng bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea ho tsosolosa.Joaloka moetsi ea hloahloa oa lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, Tense e ka fana ka tharollo le lits'ebeletso tsa bohloeki tsa litsebi.
Nako ea poso: Feb-09-2023