Njengoba imboni ekhiqiza kabusha isinakwe kakhulu, abantu sebeqalile ukuhlola imikhakha eyahlukene yokukhiqiza kabusha, futhi bathole imiphumela ethile yocwaningo ekuphatheni, ekuphatheni, nakubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kabusha.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza kabusha, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlanza izingxenye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza kabusha.Indlela yokuhlanza kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlanza kubalulekile ekuhlonzweni kwezingxenye, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza kabusha, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kabusha, kanye nokwenza ngcono impilo yemikhiqizo eyenziwe kabusha.ingaba nomthelela obalulekile.
1. Isikhundla nokubaluleka kokuhlanza enqubweni yokukhiqiza kabusha
Ukuhlanza ubuso bezingxenye zomkhiqizo kuyinqubo ebalulekile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kabusha ingxenye.Isisekelo sokuhlukanisa ukuthola ukunemba kwe-dimensional, ukunemba komumo wejiyomethri, ubulukhuni, ukusebenza kwangaphezulu, ukugqwala kokubola kanye nokunamathela kwengxenye yobuso kuyisisekelo sokuhlukanisa ukwenza kabusha izingxenye..Ikhwalithi yengxenye yokuhlanza indawo ithinta ngokuqondile ukuhlaziya ingxenye yendawo, ukuhlolwa, ukucutshungulwa kokukhiqiza kabusha, ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa, bese kuthinta ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe kabusha.
Ukuhlanza kuwukusebenzisa uketshezi lokuhlanza phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza, futhi usebenzise izindlela zemishini, zomzimba, zamakhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical ukususa amafutha, ukugqwala, udaka, isikali, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni nokunye ukungcola okunamathiselwe ngaphezulu imishini kanye nezingxenye zayo, futhi ukwenze Inqubo yokufeza ukuhlanzeka okudingekayo ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenza.Izingxenye ezihlakaziwe zemikhiqizo yemfucuza zihlanzwa ngokuya ngesimo, impahla, isigaba, umonakalo, njll., futhi izindlela ezihambisanayo zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokusetshenziswa kabusha noma ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezingxenye.Ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kungenye yezinkomba zekhwalithi eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo eyenziwe kabusha.Ukuhlanzeka okungekuhle ngeke kuthinte inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha imikhiqizo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuvame ukubangela ukuthi ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo kwehle, kujwayele ukuguga ngokweqile, ukuncipha kokunemba, kanye nempilo yesevisi ibe mfushane.Ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo.Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kungathuthukisa futhi ukuzethemba kwabathengi kukhwalithi yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe kabusha.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha ihlanganisa ukugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo engcolile, ukuhlanzwa kokubukeka kwemikhiqizo ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa, ukudilizwa, ukuhlolwa okungalungile kwezingxenye, ukuhlanzwa kwezingxenye, ukutholwa okunembile kwezingxenye ngemva kokuhlanza, ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe kabusha, njll. inqubo.Ukuhlanza kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kokubukeka kwemikhiqizo engcolile kanye nokuhlanza izingxenye.Owokuqala ngokuyinhloko ukukhipha uthuli nokunye ukungcola ekubukeni komkhiqizo, futhi lokhu okulandelayo ngokuyinhloko ukususa amafutha, isikali, ukugqwala, i-carbon deposits nokunye ukungcola ebusweni bezingxenye.Izendlalelo zikawoyela negesi endaweni, njll., hlola ukuguga kwezingxenye, ama-microcracks noma okunye ukwehluleka ukuze uthole ukuthi izingxenye zingasetshenziswa yini noma zidinga ukwakhiwa kabusha.Ukuhlanzwa kokukhiqiza kabusha kuhlukile ekuhlanzweni kwenqubo yokulungisa.Unjiniyela oyinhloko wokulungisa uhlanza izingxenye ezinephutha kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene nazo ngaphambi kokulungiswa, kuyilapho ukukhiqiza kabusha kudinga zonke izingxenye zomkhiqizo wemfucuza ukuba zihlanzwe ngokuphelele, ukuze izinga lezingxenye ezakhiwe kabusha lifinyelele izinga lemikhiqizo emisha.ejwayelekile.Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yokuhlanza idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza kabusha, futhi umthwalo osindayo uthinta ngokuqondile izindleko zemikhiqizo eyenziwe kabusha, ngakho-ke idinga ukunakwa okukhulu.
2. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nokuthuthuka kwabo ekukhiqizeni kabusha
2.1 Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza bokwenziwa kabusha
Njengenqubo yokuhlakaza, akunakwenzeka ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanza ifunde ngokuqondile enqubweni evamile yokukhiqiza, edinga ucwaningo lwezindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini emisha yokuhlanza ekhiqizwa kabusha kubakhi kanye nabahlinzeki bemishini yokukhiqiza kabusha.Ngokusho kwendawo yokuhlanza, inhloso, ubunzima bezinto zokwakha, njll., indlela yokuhlanza esetshenziselwa inqubo yokuhlanza.Izindlela zokuhlanza ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlanza uphethiloli, ukuhlanza isifutho samanzi ashisayo noma ukuhlanza isitimu, i-ejenti yokuhlanza amakhemikhali ukuhlanza okugeza okuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali, ukukhuhla noma ukukhuhla ibhulashi lensimbi, ukucindezela okuphezulu noma ukuhlanza isifutho sokucindezela okujwayelekile, ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi, ukuhlanza i-electrolytic, ukuhlanza isigaba segesi, ukuhlanza nge-ultrasonic. kanye nokuhlanza izinyathelo eziningi nezinye izindlela.
Ukuze uqedele inqubo yokuhlanza ngayinye, isethi yonke yemishini yokuhlanza ekhethekile ehlukahlukene ingasetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa: umshini wokuhlanza isifutho, umshini wesibhamu sokufafaza, umshini wokuhlanza ophelele, umshini wokuhlanza okhethekile, njll. Ukukhethwa kwemishini kudingeka kunqunywe ngokusho amazinga okukhiqiza kabusha, izidingo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, izindleko kanye nesizinda sokukhiqiza kabusha.
2.2 Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza
Isinyathelo sokuhlanza siwumthombo omkhulu wokungcola ngesikhathi sokwenza kabusha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziyingozi ezikhiqizwa inqubo yokuhlanza ngokuvamile zifaka imvelo engozini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokulahlwa okungenangozi kwezinto eziyingozi nazo ziphezulu ngokumangalisayo.Ngakho-ke, esinyathelweni sokuhlanza kabusha, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukulimala kwesisombululo sokuhlanza imvelo futhi usebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza okuluhlaza.Abakhiqiza kabusha benze ucwaningo oluningi kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obusha futhi obusebenza ngempumelelo, futhi inqubo yokuhlanza isiye yaba nobungane kakhulu nemvelo.Ngenkathi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza, nciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi, wehlise umthelela endaweni ezungezile, ukhuphule ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwenqubo yokuhlanza, futhi ukhulise ikhwalithi yezingxenye.
3 .Ukuhlanza imisebenzi esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqiza kabusha
Ukuhlanza ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kabusha ikakhulukazi kubandakanya ukuhlanzwa kwangaphandle kwemfucuza ngaphambi kokudilizwa nokuhlanza izingxenye ngemuva kokuhlakazwa.
3.1 Ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa
Ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokudilizwa kubhekiselwa ekuhlanzweni kwangaphandle kwemfucuza egaywe kabusha ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa.Inhloso yawo eyinhloko ukususa inani elikhulu lothuli, amafutha, i-sediment nokunye ukungcola okuqoqwe ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yemfucuza, ukuze kube lula ukudilizwa nokugwema uthuli namafutha.Linda ukuthi izimpahla ezebiwe zilethwe ohlelweni lwefekthri.Ukuhlanza kwangaphandle ngokuvamile kusebenzisa amanzi ompompi noma ukugezwa kwamanzi anomfutho ophezulu.Ngokungcola okuminyene kakhulu kanye nongqimba oluwugqinsi, engeza inani elifanele le-ejenti yokuhlanza amakhemikhali emanzini futhi ukhuphule ukucindezela kwesifutho nezinga lokushisa lamanzi.
Imishini yokuhlanza yangaphandle esetshenziswa kakhulu ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imishini yokuhlanza ijethi enesibhamu esisodwa kanye nemishini yokuhlanza ijethi enezimbobo eziningi.Okwangaphambili kuncike kakhulu esenzweni sokukhuhla sejethi yokuxhumana enomfutho ophezulu noma ijethi yesoda noma isenzo samakhemikhali sejethi kanye ne-ejenti yokuhlanza ukususa ukungcola.Lesi sakamuva sinezinhlobo ezimbili, uhlobo lomnyango olugudlukayo kanye nomhubhe ohleliwe.Indawo yokufaka kanye nenani lemibhobho iyahlukahluka kuye ngenjongo yemishini.
3.2 Ukuhlanza ngemva kokuhlakazwa
Ukuhlanzwa kwezingxenye ngemva kokuhlakazwa ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukususa uwoyela, ukugqwala, isikali, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni, upende, njll.
3.2.1 Ukwehlisa amafutha
Zonke izingxenye ezithintana namafutha ahlukahlukene kufanele zihlanzwe ngamafutha ngemva kokuhlakazwa, okungukuthi, ukwehlisa.Ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: uwoyela we-saponifiable, okungukuthi, amafutha angasabela nge-alkali enze insipho, njengamafutha ezilwane namafutha emifino, okungukuthi, usawoti omningi we-organic acid;uwoyela unsaponifiable, ongakwazi ukusebenza nge-alkali enamandla, njengamafutha amaminerali ahlukahlukene, amafutha okugcoba, i-petroleum jelly kanye nopharafini, njll. Lawa mafutha awancibiliki emanzini kodwa ancibilika kuma-organic solvents.Ukususwa kwalawa mafutha kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngamakhemikhali kanye nezindlela ze-electrochemical.Izixazululo zokuhlanza ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, izixazululo ze-alkaline kanye nezixazululo zokuhlanza amakhemikhali.Izindlela zokuhlanza zifaka izindlela ezenziwa ngesandla nezamamishini, okuhlanganisa ukukhuhla, ukubilisa, ukufutha, ukuhlanza ukudlidliza, ukuhlanza nge-ultrasonic, njll.
3.2.2 Ukwehliswa
Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lokupholisa lwemikhiqizo yemishini lusebenzise amanzi aqinile noma amanzi anokungcola okuningi isikhathi eside, ungqimba lwe-silicon dioxide lufakwa odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-cooler kanye nepayipi.Isikali sinciphisa i-cross-section yepayipi lamanzi futhi sinciphisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa, okuthinta kakhulu umphumela wokupholisa futhi kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yokupholisa.Ngakho-ke, ukususwa kufanele kunikezwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kabusha.Izindlela zokususa isikali ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izindlela zokususa amakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokususa i-phosphate, izindlela zokususa isixazululo se-alkaline, izindlela zokususa ama-pickle, njll. Ukuze uthole isikali phezu kwezingxenye ze-aluminium ingxubevange, isixazululo se-nitric acid esingu-5% noma isixazululo se-acetic esingu-10-15% singaba esetshenzisiwe.Uketshezi lokuhlanza amakhemikhali lokukhipha isikali kufanele lukhethwe ngokuya ngezingxenye zesikali kanye nezingxenye zempahla.
3.2.3 Ukukhipha upende
Isendlalelo sokuqala sopende esivikelayo ebusweni bezingxenye ezihlakaziwe sidinga futhi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngokwezinga lomonakalo kanye nezidingo zokugqoka okuvikelekile.Hlanza kahle ngemva kokususwa futhi ulungiselele ukupendiwa kabusha.Indlela yokukhipha upende ngokuvamile iwukusebenzisa i-solvent ephilayo elungisiwe, isixazululo se-alkaline, njll. njengesisusa sopende, shayela kuqala endaweni kapende yengxenye, uyincibilikise bese uyithambisa, bese usebenzisa amathuluzi esandla ukuze ususe ungqimba lukapende. .
3.2.4 Ukususwa kokugqwala
Ukugqwala ama-oxides akhiwa ngokuthintana kwendawo yensimbi ne-oxygen, ama-molecule amanzi kanye nezinto ezine-asidi emoyeni, njenge-iron oxide, i-ferric oxide, i-ferric oxide, njll., evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukugqwala;izindlela eziyinhloko zokususa ukugqwala yindlela yomshini, i-chemical pickling kanye ne-electrochemical etching.Ukususwa kokugqwala ngomshini ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa ukungqubuzana kwemishini, ukusika nezinye izenzo ukususa ungqimba lokugqwala ebusweni bezingxenye.Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxubha, ukugaya, ukupholisha, ukuqhumisa isihlabathi nokunye.Indlela yamakhemikhali ngokuyinhloko isebenzisa i-asidi ukuncibilikisa insimbi ne-hydrogen ekhiqizwa ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ukuze ixhume futhi ikhiphe ungqimba lokugqwala ukuze incibilike futhi ikhiphe imikhiqizo yokugqwala endaweni yensimbi.Ama-asidi asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, njll.Indlela yokufaka i-acid ye-electrochemical isebenzisa ngokuyinhloko ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ze-electrolyte ukuze kufezwe injongo yokukhipha ukugqwala, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhishwa ukugqwala njengama-anode nokusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhishwa ukugqwala njengama-cathodes.
3.2.5 Ukuhlanza amadiphozithi ekhabhoni
I-Carbon deposition iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yama-colloid, i-asphaltenes, amafutha okugcoba nama-carbons akhiwe ngenxa yokuvutha okungaphelele kukaphethiloli namafutha okugcoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutha nangaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu.Isibonelo, amadiphozithi amaningi e-carbon enjini anqwabelana kumavalvu, amaphiston, ama-cylinder heads, njll. Lawa ma-carbon deposits azothinta umphumela wokupholisa wezingxenye ezithile zenjini, wonakalise izimo zokudlulisa ukushisa, athinte ukusha kwawo, futhi ngisho nokwenza izingxenye zishise kakhulu futhi zakhe imifantu.Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha yale ngxenye, idiphozi ye-carbon ebusweni kufanele isuswe ngokuhlanzekile.Ukwakheka kwe-carbon deposits kunobudlelwano obuhle nesakhiwo senjini, indawo yezingxenye, izinhlobo zikaphethiloli namafutha okugcoba, izimo zokusebenza namahora okusebenza.Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zemishini, izindlela zamakhemikhali nezindlela ze-electrolytic zingasusa amadiphozithi ekhabhoni.Indlela yomshini ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhulashi ocingo nama-scrapers ukuze kukhishwe amadiphozithi ekhabhoni.Indlela ilula, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kuphansi, akulula ukuhlanza, futhi kuzolimaza ubuso.Ukususwa kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-chip nuclear jet ecindezelwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle.Indlela yamakhemikhali isho ukucwilisa izingxenye ku-caustic soda, i-sodium carbonate nezinye izixazululo zokuhlanza ezingeni lokushisa elingu-80~95°C ukuze kuqedwe noma kufakwe uwoyela emulsify uwoyela futhi athambise amadiphozithi ekhabhoni, bese usebenzisa ibhulashi ukuze ususe amadiphozithi ekhabhoni futhi uhlanze. bona.Indlela ye-electrochemical isebenzisa isixazululo se-alkaline njenge-electrolyte, futhi ucezu lokusebenza luxhunywe ku-cathode ukuze kukhishwe amadiphozithi ekhabhoni ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhumula esihlangene sokusabela kwamakhemikhali ne-hydrogen.Le ndlela iyasebenza, kepha kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle ukucaciswa kwe-carbon deposition.
4 Isiphetho
1) Ukuhlanza kabusha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha, ethinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo eyenziwe kabusha kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza kabusha, futhi kufanele kunakwe ngokwanele.
I-2) Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza ukukhiqiza kabusha buzothuthuka ekuhlanzeni, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi indlela yokuhlanza yamakhemikhali amakhemikhali izothuthuka kancane kancane ekuqondiseni ukuhlanza kwemishini okusekelwe emanzini ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kule nqubo.
I-3) Ukuhlanza enqubweni yokukhiqiza kabusha kungahlukaniswa ngokuhlanza ngaphambi kokudilizwa nokuhlanza ngemva kokudilizwa, okubandakanya ukuhlanzwa kwamafutha, ukugqwala, isikali, amadiphozi ekhabhoni, upende, njll.
Ukukhetha indlela yokuhlanza efanele kanye nemishini yokuhlanza kungafinyelela umphumela ophindwe kabili ngesigamu somzamo, futhi kunikeze isisekelo esizinzile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza kabusha.Njengomkhiqizi ochwepheshe wemishini yokuhlanza, i-Tense inganikeza izixazululo nezinsizakalo zokuhlanza ezichwepheshile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-09-2023